Achieving Quality Debates

Quality criteria for good online discussions – what does deliberative quality mean and why is it important?

Good discourse is derived from the more recent theory of deliberation, the so-called inclusive or type 2 deliberation (Bündiger et al., 2010). The research finds strong evidence that the type 2 quality criteria are shared by both (democratic) providers of online discourses and the discussants themselves.

Type 2 deliberation is characterized by two characteristics: On the one hand, it is shown by the absence of incivility. Discussants should therefore find a non-violent discourse space in which disparagement, vulgarity and any form of discrimination have no place. Each participant should be able to express his/her views and experiences in a protected environment. We ensure this by means of automated detection of incivility as well as by accompanying and structuring the discussion by moderators.

On the other hand, within the framework of KOSMO, we also want to explicitly enable good discourse. For this, the absence of incivility is a necessary but not a sufficient condition. That is why we create a positive definition for high-quality discourse, which is expressed in the presence of the following indicators:

• Rationality: We would like to explicitly encourage comments that support their position with arguments, provide other participants with relevant additional information and enrich the debate with constructive and factual proposals for solutions.
  
  
• Reciprocity: Understanding-oriented communication can only arise if the views of all those discussing are not only expressed equally, but also heard (Kies, 2010). That is why rational references, i.e. taking up the content of the point of view of others (Graham & Witschge, 2003), are an essential part of good debates. In the best case, reciprocity is expressed in communicative empathy.
  
  
• Respect:In our understanding, respect does not show itself through the mere absence of incivility. Instead, explicit expressions of respect, thanks and observance of a polite tone should contribute to a good climate for discourse.
  
  
• Exchange of personal experiences: The expression of personal experiences and emotions also has its legitimate place in the context of good type 2 online discussions. Such content has a discourse-promoting effect, as it supports the comprehensibility of standpoints and encourages empathy.